Arkansas Foundations of Reading Test (FORT)

Which type of intelligence according to David Perkins cannot be changed?

1. Experiential

2. Neural

3. Reflective

4. Practical

The correct answer is: Neural

David Perkins, a well-known figure in the field of educational psychology, discusses various types of intelligence in his work. The type of intelligence that is considered to be relatively fixed and cannot be changed is neural intelligence. This refers to the innate cognitive abilities that individuals possess, which are influenced by genetic and biological factors. Neural intelligence encompasses the underlying neurological structures and functions that determine an individual’s intellectual capacity, making it distinct from other types of intelligence that can be enhanced or developed through experience and learning. For instance, experiential intelligence can grow based on life experiences, reflective intelligence involves the ability to think about one's own thinking, and practical intelligence is often about applying knowledge in everyday situations. These latter types can all be cultivated and improved over time, while neural intelligence remains largely static after a certain point in development.