Arkansas Foundations of Reading Test (FORT)

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Which educational philosophy is centered around the belief that learners respond to external stimuli, as proposed by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner?

Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Humanism

The correct answer is: Behaviorism

Behaviorism is the correct answer because it is the educational philosophy centered around the belief that learners respond to external stimuli. This philosophy, as proposed by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the importance of observable behaviors and the influence of rewards and punishments on shaping those behaviors. Behaviorism focuses on teaching through repetition, reinforcement, and conditioning, suggesting that learning is a process of stimulus-response associations. This approach contrasts with other educational philosophies like cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, which emphasize internal mental processes, social interactions, and personal growth, respectively.