Arkansas Foundations of Reading Test (FORT)

How does prior knowledge influence reading comprehension?

1. It helps students learn multiplication facts

2. It aids in determining meanings of unknown words and forming predictions

3. It has no effect on reading comprehension

4. It makes students memorize text better

The correct answer is: It aids in determining meanings of unknown words and forming predictions

Prior knowledge significantly impacts reading comprehension by allowing readers to make connections between new information and what they already know. When readers encounter a text, their background knowledge helps them to interpret and integrate new ideas, making sense of unfamiliar content. This process includes determining the meanings of unknown words based on context, relating concepts from the text to existing knowledge, and making predictions about what might happen next in the narrative or argument presented. For instance, if a student has some familiarity with the topic of a book, they are more likely to engage with the material, understand nuances, and grasp the main ideas more effectively. This connection not only enhances comprehension but also encourages active engagement with the text, which is crucial for deeper understanding and critical thinking. Other options do not accurately reflect the role of prior knowledge in reading comprehension. While memorization or basic arithmetic may not directly relate to reading comprehension, the integration of knowledge significantly contributes to a richer understanding of texts.